A.Tick the correct option:-

 1a 2c 3b 4c 5c

B.Differentiate between the following:-

1. Exhaustible resources are are not plenty of supply and finish after long use. e.g. coal,petroleum

   Inexhaustible resources are plenty of supply and never finish after long uses. e.g. air,water

2. Anything which on burning produce energy is called fuel.

        Fossil fuel are those fuels which are of fossils origin i.e of plants or animals.

3. Hard coal has greater potential to produce energy then soft coal.

4. LPG and CNG are both obtained from petroleum and both are fuels.

 LPG stands for liquified petroleum gas .

        While CNG stands for compressed natural gas

C.Give one word answer for each of the following:-

1. Peat (27% ) 2. Pennsylvania, USA 3. Destructive distillation 4. Methane 5. Fossil fuels.

D.Match column A with column B:-

1. Oldest fuel 2. Soft brown 3 Rock oil 4. Natural gas 5. Carboniferous age

E.Give two example for each of the following:-

1. Coal ,Petroleum 2. Peat ,Bituminous 3. Methane, Butane 

F.Give reason for each of the following:-

1.We burn fuel to obtain energy needed for domestic use ,  in industry to produce power etc.

2. Because there reserve is minimum.

3. Destructive distillation of coal is done to get coal gas, coke, coal tar. From this three products various other products like coal gas ,producer gas synthesis etc are obtained.

4. Refining of petroleum give various other products of our daily use like LPG, CNG, petrol, diesel, synthesis tar, cosmetics etc.

5. Natural gas now a days is used as a fuel for vehicle because it is a clean fuel.

G.Write true or false:-

1. false 2. false 3. true 4. true 5. true

H.Circle the odd one out:-

1. water 2. cow dung 3.coal gas 4. crude oil

I.Fill in the blanks:-

1.Coal/petroleum 2.fossil fuel 3. carbonisation 4.rock oil

J.Short answer question:-

1.Resources means supply of something that a country has to increase its wealth.

     Any natural material found on the earth which allows the existence of life and satisfy various human needs is called a natural resource.

2. Characteristics of an ideal fuels are:-

(a) it should be cheap 

(b) easily transportable 

(c) burn at room temperature 

(d) leaves behind little residue on burning  etc

3.Disadvantage of fossil fuel

(a) On burning produces carbon dioxide gas which causes global warming

(b) Produces poisonous carbon monoxide gas

(c) Produces lead oxide which is poisonous

(d) Produces poisonous SO₂ and NO₂ which causes acid rain

4.It is a fossil fuel which was formed by the gradual decay and compression of remains of ancient forests which were buried million years ago, under the surface of the earth.

5. Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea, as this organisms died. Their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with sand and clay, over million of years due to extremely high temperature and pressure it transform into petroleum and natural gas.

      It is used for hardness lot of energy  of the present days.

6.Natural gas is mainly mixture of methane and small portion of butane and pentane gas.

  We use it in gaseous form as a clean fuel.

K.Long answer question:-

 1. Something burn to produce energy is called fuel. Fossil fuel are those which have fossil origin. example coal and petroleum 

           Coal is a fossil fuel which was formed by the gradual decay and compression of remains of ancient forests which were buried millions of years ago, under the surface of the earth. 

     Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms died, their bodies   settled down at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay over millions of years, absence of air, extremely high temperature and pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

2. Coal is a black colour solid fuel mainly consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen besides small amount of Sulphur and nitrogen. 

Coal is of four types. The lowest percentage (about 27%) carbon containing coal is peat. Other three main varieties of coal lignite, bituminous and anthracite that contains 28 to 30%, 78 to 87% and 94 to 98% of carbon respectively.Coal with higher carbon content gives more energy. The anthracite is considered to be the best quality of coal.

3. Coal is processed in industry to get some useful product. The process is called destructive distillation of coke where coal is heated strongly at about  100°C in absence of oxygen. It yeilds  products such as Coke, coal tar and coal gas. 

The residue left behind during destructive distillation is called coke. It is an almost pure form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals. It is also used to manufacture producer gas ,water gas etc. 

Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke. It is used as a fuel in many industries.

Coal tar is a black, thick liquid which is unpleasant smell. It is a mixture of about 200 substances. Many products like dyes, drugs, explosives, paints etc are produced from it.

4.Petroleum is the dark highly liquid. It has an unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various constituent such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel etc.

Process of refining:-

Fractional distillation of crude oil involves various steps. In the first step crude oil is heated in the furnace at about 400°C, till it vaporizers. The vapours are collected and condensed on the trays fixed in the fractionating column.Each tray is connected to a pipe and thus various components are collected separately. Condensation of fractions takes place on the basis of boiling points and the fraction with highest boiling point condenses in the lower most origin of the columns. Liquid fraction are down from trays petroleum gas such as methane, ethane, propane and butane passes out the top of the column because of the lightweight. Petrol and gasoline are formed in the top trays, kerosene and diesel oil in the middle, and the fuel oil at the bottom. Residue for examples lubricating oils, waxes and asphalt are processed for further uses.

5.Conservation of fossil fuels:-

Natural resources such as fossil fuels (coal and petroleum) forest, mineral etc are exhaustible. The known reserve of all this resource will last, at the most, a few 100 years. Beside burning of fossil fuel is a major cause of air pollution. Their use is also linked to global warming. Hence, it is necessary to use coal them when absolutely necessary. This will result in better environment lesser risk of global warming and their availability for a longer period of time. 

     Also some tips to save petrol/diesel 

drive at a constant speed 

switch off the engine at traffic lights 

correct tyre pressure 

ensure regular maintenance of the vehicles