HARDWORD :
Crop - large scale of production of a grain
- to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground
Harvest - The act of cutting and gathering crops
A.Tick the correct option
1.(d) 2(a) 3(d) 4(d) 5(c)
B.Differentiate between the following:-
.1. Subsistence agriculture = Growing enough only to live on, not to sell
Industrial agriculture = Large number of people involved and large scale production of crops
2. Manure
(a) Naturally available (b) It is better than fertilizer
(c) It is cheap and supply many nutrients e.g cow dung
(d) Enviroment friendly
Fertilizer
(a) Preapared in the factory (b) It is less effective than manure (c) It is costier and supply only specific nutrient e.g.N.P.K,Urea etc .N-Nitrogen ,P-Phosphorus, K-Potassium (d) Excessive use causes pollution
3. Tradition method of irrigation means to supply water so that crop will grow
Tradition method of irrigation means older method of irrigation like supply water with well, tubewell, canel etc to the crops.
Modern method of irrigation includes sprinkler and drip irrigation; drip irrigation is better then sprinkler irrigation because loss of water is less and this process of supply water at the right spot.
4. Threshing means to seperate grains of corn, rice etc from thr rest of the plant using a machine or in the past by hitting it with a special tool.
Winnowing is the blow a current of a air through grain in order to remove its outer covering,called chaff.
C.Give one word answer for each of the following:-
1. Crop production
2. Agri impliments
3. Seed drill
4. Fertilizer
5. Scare crow
6. Poultry farm
D. Match column A with column B
1.Pesticide---Agrosan
2.Paddy---Kharif crop
3.Weeding---Trowel
4.Storage---Silos
5.Hybridization---Plant breeding
E.Give two examples for each of the following
1.Watermelon,cucumber .2.Hoe,trowel .3.Cow dung,vegetable coating peels.4.Amaranthus,Chenopodium.5.Egg,meat.
F.Give reason for the following
1.The advantages of ploughing are:-
(a) loose soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top where the plants use these nutrients easily
(b) loose soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes which nutrients to the soil
(c)loose soil has lot of air trapped in it which help the root to breathe easily.
The reason for lavelling are:-
(a) to stop soil erosion
(b) to help uniform irrigation.
2.Loose soil mixes more uniformly with manure or fertilizer.
3.(a)To save water, (b) to irrigate at the right spot,(c) less chance of soil erosion.
4.(a) To prevent attack by insect,pests,bacteria and fungi,
(b) dried grains retain their germination capacity.
5.Crop improvement--regular growing of crops in a field leads to nutrient deficientand infertile soil.It is important to restore soil fertility.Some process are;-(a) fallowing (b) mixed cropping
(c)plant breeding (d)crop rotation.
G.Write true or false
1.false.2.true.3.true.4.false.5.true.6.true.
H.circle the odd one.
1.cucumber.2.drip.3.bathua.4.gunny bags
I.Fill in the blanks:-
1.Agri field.2.Zaid.3.Uniform.4.Fertilizer.5.Leguminous.6.Diary
J.Short answer questions.
1.Agar means field and cultura means to cultivate.
Its two types are:- (a) subsistence agriculture (b) industrial agriculture.
2.Manures:-animal dung,leaves,vegetable peels
Fertilizer:-N.P.K,ammonium,sulphate,super phosphate of lime etc
3.Harvesting means act of cutting and gathering crops. Now a days combine harvester machine is used for harvesting.
4.(a) Jute bag (b) metallic bins (c) silos (d) granaries.
5.Nitrogen cycle is drawing nitrogen from atmosphere to be used for plants and return back unused nitrogen to the air.
It supply the most important nutrient nitrogen to the plants which we eat.
6.Crop production means to produce grain inb a large scale which we take for energy requirement.
(a) suitable manure,fertilizer (b) modern method of irrigation (c) crop rataion,fallowing (d) suitable weedicide etc.
7.In lift irrigation system water is lifted using man or animal power.It is used in agricultural field.
K.Long answers questions.
1.Some common crops grown in india are:-
cerals---rice,wheat
pulses/lentils---gram
oil seeds---sunflower
roots crops---sweet potato
sugar crops---sugarcane
plantation crops---tea, coffee
fibre crops--- cotton.jute
Despite this broad diversity in the kind of crops grown,one can identify two broad cropping patterns which are based on seasons and on the monsoon they are:-
(1)Kharif or summer crops-These are the crops which requirea lot of water for their growth and hence are sown in the rainy season.These crops are sown during june or july and harvested in september or october.
(2) Rabi crops or winter crops:-These are the crops which are sown at the4 beginning of the winter season and harvested in march/april.
2.Soil preparation means the processing of soil before sowing the seeds.It comprises of turning the soil,loosening it and breaking large lumps of soil to fine grains of soil.
The process of looseninmg and turning of the soil is called tilling or plouighing.This is done by using a plough,which is made of wood or iron and is pulled by animals or tractor.
The field is levelled for sowing as well as for irrigation purposes.It also prevent soil erosion.
The techniques involved in soil preparation are ploughing and levelling.
Ploughing is to dig and turn over a field of land with a plough.
Levelling is to do a piece of tilled land flat or plane.
Ans.3.The sowing of seeds is done by following four methods:-
(a) Broadcasting--it is an ancient method of sowing where the seeds are scattered into the prepared soil by hands.So the disadvantage of this process is seeds are unevenly distributed in the field.
(b) Traditional tool--the tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel.
(c) Seed drill--these days,the traditional tool is replaced by seed drill.It has a long tube which are connected to a funnel at the top.The seeds to be sown are put into the funnel.The seed drill is tied at the back of a tractor to deposit the seeds at a proper depth.
(d) Transplantation--here the seeds are first developed at the nurseries.There after they are planted in the field.This helps the farmer select only the healthy seedlings and space them properly while planting.This way crop yeild is increased.
Ans.4.Crops have to be protected from weeds,pests and diseases that grow along with them and exhaust all the nutrient that are essential for crop growth.
Weeding--weeding is the removal of unwanted plants that grow along the crops.Weeds not only deplete plants their nutrients (air,water,sunlight etc) but also produce poisnous substances which are harmful for the crops.
Weeding is done by chemicals like dalapan,siziazine,picloram etc.
Protection from pests,diseases and animals--crops also need protection from grazing animals,birds,pests and insects.Lands are usually fenced with barbed wire to protect them from grazing animal.Farmers put up a scarecrow to scare away birds from crops.
Ans.5.Some of the practices adopted to increase soil fertility are:-
(a) fallowing--leaving the field fallow for one or more seasons helps it to regain its nutrients and fertility.Dead plants,animals and other organic matters on the field are decomposed by the microbes.Thus,the nutrients are returned.
(b) crop rotation--crop rotation means growing different on a rotational basis on the same land.In this method the farmers are encouraged to grow a legumes in between two ceral crops in the field.
(c) Plant breeding--breeding is an exercise of cross pollination between two plants of the same species(type) but with different chracteristics.This genetic modification results better yeilding and disease free crops.
(d) Mixed cropping--in this process,two or more crops are grown simultaneously on the same piece of land.For example pea can be grown with wheat.The uptake of nitrogen by wheat is ccompensated by the addition of nitrogen to the soil by pea.This practice is largely used in INDIA.
Ans.6.Some of the items which we get from animals are:-
(a) Dairy products--milk,butter,cheese etc are dairy products.Milk is ahighly nutritious product which we obtain from animals such as cow,goat,sheep.Milk contain nearly allthe nutrients required by us.
(b) Poultry--poultry includes birds like chicken,hen,ducks,geese and turkey .These birds are a good source of animal food in the form of eggs and meat .Eggs and meat are rich in protein.
(c) Fisheries--fish and sea food are rich in proteins and iodine.Fish is the major part of food of people living near the coastal areas.
(d)Honey--it is provided to us by honey bees.Honey is made of sugar,minerals and enzymes.
0 Comments