A.Tick the correct option:-
1.c 2d. 3b. 4a. 5d.
B.Differentiate between the following:-
1. Some microorganism are beneficial and some causes harm.
Pathogen are disease causing microorganisms only.
2. Useful microorganisms causes good effect on organism eg:- lacto bacillus
Harmful micro organism caused harm to other organism including human beings eg:- Pathogenic bacteria.
3. Some bacteria are beneficial and some are harmful.
Fungi are generally harmful.
C.Give one word answer for each of the following:-
1. Microbiology. 2. Microscope. 3. Preservation. 4. Bread mould.
D.Match column A with column B:-
1------- Nucleic acid
2------- Virus
3------- Penicillin
4---------Fermentation
E.Give two examples for each of the following:-
1. Chlamydomonas , spirogyra
2. Amoeba, paramecium
3. Penicilliun, tetra cycline
F.Give reason for each of the following:-
1. Pasteurized keeps milk in good condition for larger time.
2. Some microorganism are beneficial to us like lactobacillus, penicilliun etc.
3. Microorganism are so small that they are not visible by ordinary view. They are of the order of 10^-6mm to be view by microscope only.
4. Because they contain green pigment chloroplast.
G.Write true or false:-
1F. 2F. 3T. 4T. 5T.
H.Circle the odd -one
1. Mushroom. 2. Influenza.
3. Chicken pox. 4.Anthrax.
I.Fill in the blanks:-
1. Microbiology. 2. Micrographia.
3. Micro size. 4. Harmful.
5. Chlorophyll
J.Short-Answer Questions:-
1. Microorganism are very small organism of the order of 10^-6mm.
2. Microorganism are found everywhere in air,water,land and above within living organism.
3. After one day of preparation of food microorganism start making colonies in the food making it spoiled.e.g bacteria and fungi.
4. Method of food preservation are:-
a. Sun drying.
b. Pesteurizetion.
c. Oil and vinegar etc.
5. Bacteria and viruses cause common cold tuberculosis and Cholera are caused by bacteria
Faungi cause food poisoning.
6. Vaccine is a substance that is put into blood and protects the body from a disease example polio vaccine, measles vaccine etc.
K.Long-Answer question:-
1. Microscope is a device is specially used to observe object that are too small in size. Such object are called microscopic object and their study is called microscopy.
All optical microscope have the following components -----
• Eyepiece to view the objects.
• Eyepiece tube hold the eyepiece.
• Revolving nose- piece holds multiple object lens.
• Arm connect to the base and support eyepiece and eyepiece tube.
• Stage clips are used to hold the microscopics pecimen.
• Diaphragm are used to focus object.
• Coarse adjustment used to focus microscopics specimen.
• Fine adjustment are used for fine adjustment.
• Light source in the source of light for microscope.
• Base of the microscope supports the microscope.
2. Bacteria:- Bacteria are single celled organism.They can found almost anywhere.The size of a bacterial cell is of the order of 10^-5mm. They have a cell wall and a cell membrane. Bacteria are mainly found in the different shapes round, rod shaped and spiracle shaped. All the bacteria have one or more than one long whip like structure called flagellum which is used for locomotion.
Fungi:- Fungi are non green plant as they lack chloroplast and can't not make their own food. They are either parasitic or saprophytic. They are unicellular and also multicellular.eg:- yeast, bread mould and mushroom.
Algae:- Algae are simple plant like organism that have cell walls and chlorophyll within the cell. They are usually photosynthetic but they do not have true roots, steams and leaves. Almost all the algae live in water.eg:- chlamydomonas, spirogyara and seaweed.
Protozoa:- Protozoa are unicellular and have animal like characteristics. They can move place to place. They capture and eat food some live in fresh and saltwater while some damp places.eg:- amoeba, paramecium.
Viruses:-Viruses are the smaller than any other cell and much smaller than bacteria. It exists in two states. Outside the cell they cannot reproduce, they can reproduce only inside the cell.
3. Bacteria helps us to make certain food are:-
• making of curd and cheese.
• making bread
• making idli, dosa and dhokla
• manufacture of alcohol and alcoholic drink
• algae and fungi as food.
4.Commercial use of microorganism are:-
• making of curd and cheese.
• making bread.
• making idli, dosa and dhokla.
• manufacture of alcohol and alcoholic drink.
• algae and fungi as food.
In cleaning the enviroment:-
The most significant role played by microorganisms such as bacteria ,fungi and protozoa is the decomposition of organic remains and waste material on the earth, thus helping to maintain the balance in nature within these saprophytic bacteria, piles of dead organism and plant would cover the earth.
In making medicines: ---
• production of insulin
• production of antibiotic like penicillin etc.
• production of vaccines.
5. Harmful micro-organisms
Although the microorganism are extremely useful to human health and the ecosystem, they can also invade human, animal and plant to cause disease. Thus they are harmful in many ways. Some of the micro-organisms causes disease in human being, plant and animal such disease causing micro-organism are called pathogens. Some microorganism also spoil food,clothing and leather.
Pathogens enter our body through the air we breathe,the water we drink or the food we eat or in direct contact with infected person.
Air borne infection - Bacteria and viruses which infect the nasal passage wind-pipe and lungs and present in the Saliva and mucus.
Water borne disease - Water borne diseases are the disease which are spread through contaminated water, which is more prevalent in the areas with poor sanitary condition. The main cause is the consumption of this contaminated water.
Some common human diseases caused by microorganisms are:-
Tuberculosis, Cholera, Hepatitis B, Malaria etc.
Disease causing microorganisms in plants are black stem rust in wheat etc.
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