Hard words:-

Nutrition:-Process of intake and utilization of nutrient by an organism.

Chlorophyll:- A green colour pigment present in leaf.

Symbiosis:- To work together.

A.Tick the correct answer:-

1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.c

B.Differentiate between the following:-

1.Parasitic plant--The non- green plants which live on other living organisms and obtain their food from them.

Saprophytic plant--The plant which live and feed on dead and decaying matter.

2.Autotrophs--These are plant which can prepare their own food.

Heterotrophs--These are the plants which cannot prepare their own food.They remain dependent on autotrophs for their food some cases for shelter.

C.Give one word answer for each of the following:-

1.Autotrophic 2.Chlorophyll 3.Photosynthesis 4.The Sun 5.Saprophytic

D.Match column A with column B:-

1--Carbondioxide.

2--Green plants.

3--Saprotroph.

4--Insectivorous plant.

5--Parasite.

E.Give two example for each of the following:-

1.Mango,Apple 2.The Lion , Human 3.Dodder,Cuscuta 4.Fungi,Bacteria

F.Give reason for each of the following:-

1.There are millions and millions of fungus spores are moving in air.They make home on rotten food item to reproduce itself.   

2.Because they (e.g Pitcher plant) lack nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium ,which they take from dead insects.

3.Because nutrients are taken by crop which have to be replenshied for better crop.

4.Because they unable to take nitrogen directly from atmosphere,they indirectly take as soluble nitrate from soil.

G.Write True or False:-

1.False 2.True 3.False 4.False 5.True 6.False

H.Circle the odd-one out:-

1.Heterotroph 2.Hydrogen 3.Nitrogen 4.Energy

I. Fill in the blanks:-

  1.replenish 2.food(sugar) 3.leaves 4.stomata

J.Short Question-Answer:-

1.Nutrition process means to take food and nutrient from it and  unwanted things are left out of the body.

2. Autotrophs are those plants which can prepare their own food.

3. Factors are:-

a. Sunlight b. presence of chlorophyll 

c. presence  of water.

4. By the help of their roots.

5.Heterotrophs are those which cannot prepare their own food. 

e.g all animals and human beings.

6.Stomata are minute pores on the leaf through which excess water goes out from plants.

7. The pigment is chlorophyll.

8.They make their home on wet things (host). They secrete  some juices from their body which dissolve food material, from their they get their nutrition from host.

K.Long Answer-Question:-

1. Modes of nutrition are:-

(a). Autotrophic nutrition--Auto means self and trophic means nutrition. Thus it means nutrition by self.The mode of nutrition in which an organism prepare its own food from simple substances is called autotropic nutrition. And the organisms which obtain food by this mode are called autotrophs.Green plants prepare their own food through a process called photosynthesis.

(b). Heterotrophic nutrition--Hetero means others and trophic means nutrition. Hence it means nutrition from others.The mode of nutrition in which an organism obtain food from other organisms is called heterotrophic nutrition. The organism which obtain food  this way are called heterotrophs.e.g All the animals are heterotrophs.

2 .A heterotrophic plant which obtains its food from other living plants or animals is called parasitic plant.The plant or animal that provides food for a parasite is called host.

    A parasites sucks its food from the host,by specialized absorbing organs is called haustoria.

         The plants which live and feed on dead and decaying organic matter are called saprophytic plants e.g some bacteria and fungi like mushrooms and saprotrophs.

3. Insectivorous plants--They are plants which feed on small insects.These plants have modified parts for catching insects. Although these plants also perform photosynthesis to get their nutrients,they often  grow in soils or in water which contain little amount of minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Therefore in order to meet their heavy nutrient intake,they feed on insects. e.g pitcher plant, sundew plant and Venus fly trap.

4.The process of preparing food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is known as photosynthesis.The leaves absorb sun's energy and store it in the form of food.

          During photosynthesis food is synthesized along with the release of oxygen.

Carbon dioxide+ water --->carbohydrates +oxygen (in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll).

5. Plants which live in association with other plants and share shelter and nutrients are called symbiotic plants.This association between two different plants is called symbiotic association or relationship.

       The two plants which live together as parts of the same plant and mutually help each other are called symbionts.

           Certain plants such as peas have a symbiotic association with bacteria such as rhizobium. This bacteria is found in root nodules of these plants. Rhizobium converts atmospheric nitrogen into plant useable form.The plant, in turn provide nutrients for the bacterial growth.

6. Fungi survived by breaking down and absorbing the nutrients of the material on which they grow, such as bread. The bread mould once see on bread are colonies of spores which is how the fungus reproduces.Spores can travel through air inside the bread mould and grow on other parts of the bread. More the moisture on bread more in the growth of fungus.

7.Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis. To take a potted Hibiscus plant. To keep the plant in a dark room for 1-2 days. In the absence of sunlight photosynthesis would not takes place and the leaves will be free of starch.To take two strips of black chart paper and cover both side of a portion of leaf,using paper clips to hold the strips in place.

       To put the plant back in the sunlight.The cover part of the leaf would not receive any sunlight. After a few hours,pluck the covered leaf and test it for the presence of starch.

       The covered portion which was not exposed to sunlight would not show any starch,while the uncovered parts of the leaf will. This shows that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.

8. To take a potted Hibiscus plant destarch the plant by keeping it in a dark place for 1-2 days. To take some concentrated caustic potash (KOH) solution in a bottle fitted with a tight stopper.Enclose a leaf in the flask, half in and half out of the bottle. Keep the setup in sunlight for sometime.

       Caustic potash absorbs carbon dioxide so the part of leaf inside the bottle will not get carbon dioxide while the portion of leaf outside the bottle turns blue-black.While the portion inside the bottle remains colourless.This shows that no photosynthesis occurred in the portion of leaf inside the bottle as it lacked carbon dioxide.

            Hence,it is clear that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.