A few words:

Nutrient-A substance that is needed to keep a living body alive and to help it to grow.

Balance diet---A food that contains all essential nutrients.

Energy-The ability to put effort in a activity.

A.Tick the correct answer:-

1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C

B.Differentiate between the following:-

1.A balanced diet is one which contains all the essential nutrients for growth and development of the body.

        A protective food is one which contains nutrients to protect our body from various diseases it mainly contains vitamins and minerals.

2. A body building food is used to built a body. e.g protein content food.

       An energy giving food gives us energy to do various work. e.g carbohydrate content food.

3.A saturated fat is a fat that consists of triglycerides where as unsaturated fats do not contain this.e.g 

   saturated fat-- butter,dalda 

   Unsaturated fat-- vegetable oil

      Saturated fats are normally solid at room temperature where as unsaturated ones are liquid at room temperature.

4.If our food contains more oil and fat then liver will be unable to break this fat molecules this fat deposit in the belly resulting obesity.

        Where as deficiency diseases are caused because of deficiency of certain nutrients like carbohydrate,protein,vitamins or iodine.

C.Give one word answer for each of the following:-

1. Carbohydrate. 2. Ricket. 3. Kwashiorkor. 

4. Vitamins.

D.Match column A with column B:-

1. Body building 2. Energy giving foods.

3. Protective foods 4. Cholesterol.

5. Dietary fibres.

E.Give two example for each of the following:-

1. Egg, milk 2. Rice, Maize 3. beri beri, scurvy

4. Apple, rice 5. Meat, fish.

F.Give reasons for each of the following:- 

1.Food gives us nourishment where by we get energy for work, remain healthy and disease free.

2. Because carbohydrates are energy producers.

3.Excretion is an important as intake of nutrients. Dietary fibre play a vital role for excretion.

4.Because minerals are protective food. They fight with the disease causing substances and keep us healthy.

G.Write True or False:-

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True

H.Circle the odd one out:-

1.peas 2. meat 3. Glucose 4. Scurvy

I.Fill in the blanks:-

1. Enzyme 2. Balance diet 3. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 4. Glucose 5. Spices,fats

J.Short Answer-Questions:-

1. Essential nutrients keep us healthy and active.

2.(a) carbohydrates (b) protein (c) vitamin (d) mineral (e) fat (f) fibre or roughage and (g) water.

3. Rice,Wheat,Maize,Millet etc.

4 Vitamins A,B,C,D and K.

5.Because a balanced diet contains 7 different things which plays vital role to keep us healthy.

6.Deficiency of any one of the nutrients is called nutritional deficiency

K.Long Answer-Questions:-

1.Carbohydrates-- carbohydrates are energy giving compounds. The bulk of our food consists of carbohydrates which are in the form of glucose.

          Most of our requirement of carbohydrates are meet by the plants plants produce carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

Fats-- fats produce more energy than carbohydrates fats are like energy Bank in living organisms.

             Oils butter ghee milk etc are rich in fats.

Proteins-- proteins are required for building the body cell and to repair worn out cells and tissues.This also help in growth of the body and strength us to fight against infections and various diseases.

Vitamins-- they are known as protective food as they---

Protect our body from diseases.

Help in keeping our bones,gums and eyes healthy.

Minerals--minerals are also called protective foods. We need them in small amounts or traces in our food for proper growth and good health.

Water-- it is essential for life,it is needed in the digestion of food.

2.Carbohydrates are energy giving compounds. The bulk of our food consists of carbohydrates which are in the form of glucose. The body breaks the intake carbohydrates in several steps which release some energy. The breaking is done with the help of enzymes.

                  The three classification of carbohydrates are monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides means sugar.

3..Fats produce more energy than carbohydrates. Fats are like an energy bank in living organisms.

          Fats are important not only as stored energy but also for the flavour and taste that they give to the food, oils like the ones used in in taking butter, ghee, milk, cheese, meat, egg, fish and nuts like groundnuts and cashew nut are rich in fats.

4.Proteins are required for building the body cells and to repair Worn out cells and tissues .This also help in growth of the body and strength us to fight against infections and various disease. If you get hurt our skin gets damage and bleeding occurs after a few days we notice new skin starts covering the damaged area this is done by proteins which we eat everyday in our meal.

       We get proteins from animal sources such as milk, eggs, meat and fish we also get proteins from plant sources like pulses on soyabean, peanut, animal proteins are considered better than plant protein. As they are completely digested by the body besides plant proteins lacks some essential amino acids which animal proteins have soyabean is the best source of plant protein.

5.Vitamins are very important for proper functioning of our body. This are required in very small quantities in comparison to carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They are known as protective food as they-

Protect our body from disease.

Help in keeping our bones,teeth,gums and eyes healthy.

Different types of vitamins are A ,B,C,D and K. There are two classes of vitamins

(a) Water soluble vitamins.

(b) Fat soluble vitamins.

Since vitamins are the essential nutrient, their deficiency can lead to various disease.

some common vitamin deficiency diseases are night blindness, beri-beri, scurvy and rickets.

6.Minerals are also called protective foods. They help our body to remain healthy. All of them have particular function to perform in the body. We need them in small amounts or traces in our food for proper growth and good health.

         Minerals are classified into two types

(a) Macro minerals- These minerals are required in relatively large amounts. e.g iron

(b) Micro minerals- They are required in very small amounts. e.g calcium, sodium etc

Roughage- Excretion is equally important as the intake of food. Waste food materials have to be flushed out of the body as they are toxic and harmful to the body.            I

              Intake of roughage (or fibres) is very essential because it facilitates regular movements of the bowel and prevents constipation. Its main source are Rice, Wheat, Apple etc.

7. Kwashiorkor- It is caused by protein deficiency. The clinical sign of kwashiorkor are stunted growth, oedema etc.

      Deficiency of vitamins in our diet leads to serious disease and disabilities. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness. Deficiency of vitamin B causes beri-beri. Deficiency of vitamin B causes pellagra in which skin eczema, diarrhoea etc occurs.

Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy in which bleeding of gums and loosening of teeth takes place. Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in which bow legs, bending of backbone and losing teeth enamel occur.

       Mineral deficiency causes for poor development, general weakness and disturbed metabolism. Deficiency of iron causes anaemia. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre, results swallowing of thyroid gland. Deficiency of calcium and phosphorus causes weakness of bones and teeth.